Sábado, 18 de Mayo del 2024 
Desde hace 15 días, las comunidades indígenas del Cauca, reunidas por los líderes del Consejo Regional Indígena del Cauca (Cric), mantienen bloqueada la vía Panamericana, que conecta a Cali con el sur del país, una acción que ya acumula pérdidas que superan los $30.000 millones y peticiones que suman $4,6 billones y 41.000 hectáreas de más para las comunidades de ese departamento.
Para los indígenas, el fin del bloqueo se daría luego de que se cumplan estas exigencias. En materia de tierras, el Gobierno Nacional ha dicho que la solicitud no sería fácil de cumplir, si se tiene en cuenta que las hectáreas de más equivalen al territorio sumado de las localidades más grandes de Bogotá (Usaquén, Suba, Usme y Chapinero) o cinco veces el de Chía.
Además, según el avalúo catastral, realizado por el Instituto Agustín Codazzi, las tierras del Cauca tienen un costo que supera los $10,5 billones. Si se tiene en cuenta que la región tiene 3,1 millones de hectáreas, cada una tiene un valor de $3,3 millones, por lo que las 41.000 hectáreas que solicitan equivalen a $138.870 millones. El Cric reportó que ese territorio se sumaría al área que ya tienen y que iría para los 290.000 indígenas del Cauca (incluidos los niños).
Según un informe del Banco de la República, los resguardos en ese departamento cuentan con 500.000 hectáreas, por lo que sumadas las exigencias de este paro, cada indígena tendría 1,8 hectáreas.
Adicional a los terrenos que se pretenden, la discusión se mantiene en el presupuesto. Según explicó Giovanni Yule, líder dinamizador del Cric, “el plan para este cuatrienio debe ser de una inversión de $3,6 billones para los indígenas del Cauca, y $1 billón adicional para los del Huila, Risaralda y Caldas”.
En este sentido, la adición presupuestal buscaría que a cada indígena del Cauca le correspondan $12,4 millones.
Gremios reportaron pérdidas
Uno de los bloqueos más fuertes por parte de los manifestantes está a la altura de la vía Cali-Popayán en Santander de Quilichao. Esto ha dificultado el tránsito de todo tipo de carga (alimentos y bienes) en la última quincena.
Por ello, algunos líderes gremiales anunciaron que durante los días de paro, la actividad empezó a pasar factura a distintos sectores y se acerca a $40.000 millones.
La construcción reportó pérdidas de $30.000 millones ya que se han congelado algunos proyectos por la falta de materiales. “En la ciudad de Pasto, por ejemplo, hay escasez de cemento, acero, agregados, materiales para acabados, entre otros. Además, hay evidencias de sobrecostos de 10% sobre las obras y afectaciones sobre el empleo que impactan a un tercio de la mano de obra ocupada en el sector en la ciudad”, explicó la presidenta de Camacol, Sandra Forero.
Además de ese sector, los transportadores han dejado de movilizarse. “La vía Panamericana tiene capacidad para mover 300 camiones al día, hoy en día se están viendo afectados mínimo la mitad, es decir que hay 150 automotores parqueados que están a pérdidas”, agregó Juan Carlos Rodríguez, presidente de Colfecar.
Y es que solo en pérdidas por tener los carros parqueados, los transportadores han registrado pérdidas por $2.944 millones; en stand by (automotores con carga y que no pueden recibir más), los problemas equivalen a $2.235 millones; y casi $80 millones entre peajes que se han dejado de pagar y los gastos asociados a parqueaderos. Finalmente, el turismo empezó a reportar pérdidas por más de $2.000 millones.
Centrales sin abastecimiento
La tercera cara del paro se ve en el abastecimiento de los alimentos. Según el Dane, entre la semana del 7 al 13 de marzo y la del 14 al 20 de marzo, la central de abastos más afectada fue la de Popayán donde el abastecimiento cayó 68,8%, seguido de Ipiales en la que bajó 36,1%.
Transportadores tienen pocas opciones para las vías alternas
Al cierre de esta edición, la ministra del Interior, Nancy Patricia Gutiérrez, recordó que frente a las solicitudes de los indígenas, “el Presidente nos ha dicho que el Gobierno no se va a comprometer lo que no puede cumplir, vamos a revisar incluso los topes presupuestales del Estado”. Las comunidades manifestaron que por ello seguirán los bloqueos, pero las trochas que podrían servir de vías alternas tienen lagunas, baches y hasta pendientes, por lo que no son opciones para los transportadores.
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